Mandolin Tuning Guide
Standard Mandolin Tuning (G-D-A-E)
Standard mandolin tuning is G-D-A-E, the same as a violin but with 4 courses (pairs) of strings instead of single strings. From lowest to highest: G3 (196 Hz), D4 (293.66 Hz), A4 (440 Hz), E5 (659.25 Hz). Each course contains two strings tuned to the same pitch, creating the mandolin's characteristic bright, sustained tone.
Mandolin Family Tunings
| Instrument | Tuning (Low to High) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Mandolin | G-D-A-E | Standard, same as violin |
| Mandola | C-G-D-A | Tuned a fifth below mandolin |
| Octave Mandolin | G-D-A-E | Same notes, one octave lower |
| Mandocello | C-G-D-A | Same pitch as a cello |
Mandolin Tuning Tips
- Tune one string per course first – Tune one string of each pair, then match its partner for perfect unison
- Start with A string – Use A440 as reference, then tune D and G down, E up from A
- Check for chorus effect – If strings are slightly detuned, you'll hear a wavering "chorus" — adjust until pure
- Use light gauge strings – Mandolin strings are under high tension; light gauge (.010-.034) is easier to tune
- Stretch new strings thoroughly – New mandolin strings take 2-3 days to settle and hold pitch
Understanding Mandolin Courses
Mandolins have 8 strings arranged in 4 courses (pairs). Each course is tuned to a single pitch, with both strings in perfect unison. The doubled strings increase volume and create a natural chorus effect when perfectly tuned. Numbering runs from highest (course 1: E) to lowest (course 4: G).
Alternate Mandolin Tunings
While G-D-A-E is nearly universal, some bluegrass and old-time players use cross tunings such as A-E-A-E for fiddle tunes in A, or Drop D tuning (G-D-A-D) for modal tunes. Classical mandolin always uses standard tuning. Some players also tune down a half step to F#-C#-G#-D# to match a band that plays in lowered tuning.
Common Mandolin Tuning Problems
- Courses sound "wavy" – Strings within a course are slightly out of tune; tune each string individually
- Can't reach pitch – Wrong string gauge or old strings; replace with proper light gauge set
- Strings break often – Over-tightening or sharp edges at nut/bridge; check for burrs and tune up slowly
- Won't stay in tune – New strings stretching, or tuning pegs slipping; use peg compound or replace pegs
Mandolin vs Guitar Tuning
Mandolin tuning (G-D-A-E) is tuned entirely in fifths, like a violin, while guitar is tuned mostly in fourths with a major third between G and B. Mandolin's notes are the guitar's four lowest strings (E-A-D-G) in reverse order, pitched higher. Because the intervals differ, guitar chord shapes don't carry over directly, and mandolin's paired strings and compact fingerings make it a distinct instrument to learn.